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Women in Non-Traditional Careers

Topics covered include:

• Early determinants of girls' career choice,
• Women in STEM careers,
• Gender and leadership,
• Apprenticeship and trades,
• Glass ceiling and career barriers,
• Immigrant women,
• Self-limiting behaviour,
• and more.

Women in Non-Traditional Careers

Updated May 2019

Adya, M., Kaiser, K. M., (2005). Early determinants of women in the IT workforce: a model of girls’ career choices. Information Technology & People, Vol. 18, Iss: 3, pp. 230 – 259.

Aguilar, N.A. (2006). Odds higher for women in non-traditional jobs. Imperial Valley Press.

Ainslee, J.C. (2009). Experts’ educational content recommendations for non-traditional careers and eighth-grade girls: A Delphi study. ProQuest.

Alberta Employment and Immigration, (2009). Women in Non-Traditional Occupations: Stories to Inspire. Career and Workplace resources.

Ali, S.R., McWhirter, E.H., & Chronister, K.M. (2005). Self-efficacy and vocational outcome expectations for adolescents of lower socioeconomic status: A pilot study. Journal of Career assessment, 13, 40-58.

Andrew, A. (2009). Challenging boundaries to ‘employability’: women apprentices in a non-traditional occupation. Social Policy and Society, 8(3), pp. 347-359.

Aneja, A. (2015). Blending in: reconciling feminist pedagogy and distance education across cultures. Journal on Gender and Education.

Astuvilca, R., and Quinn, R. (2019). Five ways male-dominated industries can attract more female talent. The Globe and Mail.

Ball, J. (2012). Talking with undergrads about nontraditional careers in the geosciences. Blogosphere.

Bartosz, K.L., Stevens, P., Stevens, E. (2006). Women’s Career Decisions in Different Developmental Stages.

Bartram, S. (2005). What is wrong with current approaches to management development in relation to women in management roles? Women in Management Review, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 107-16

Bashi, M. (2018). 4 Non-Traditional Careers in Need of Women in 2018. Ms. Career Girl.

Beilock, S. (2019). Research-Based Advice for Women Working in Male-Dominated Fields. Harvard Business review.

Besecke, L.M., and Reilly, A.H. (2006). Factors Influencing Career Choice for Women in Science, Mathmatics and Technology: The Importance of a Transforming Experience Advancing Women in Leadership. Online Journal, Volume 21

Betters-Reed, B.L., Moore, L.L. (2007). Annotated Bibliography on Women Business Owners: A Diversity Lens. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 10, No. 1, (spring 2007).

Betz, N. E., (2007). Career Self-Efficacy: Exemplary Recent Research and Emerging Directions. Journal of Career Assessment, vol. 15 no. 4 403 – 422.

Blank, A. (2019). Female Leaders Take Non-Traditional Career Paths, Study Says: How You Can, Too. Forbes.

Bockman, R. (2011). Women urged to consider non-traditional jobs at fair. Times Ledger.

Boland, E. (2016). How Women Can Demand Attention in a Room Full of Men. Fortune.

Braccio Hering, B. (2011). Where the Boys Are (and Aren’t): Non-traditional Jobs for Women and Men. CareerBuilder.

Broderick, E. (2013). Time to consider women for non-traditional roles. Australia Human Rights Commission.

Brook, S. (2005). ‘Fire service scraps lesbian recruitment ad’. The Guardian, 4 March 2005.

Brooks, C. (2017). Gender Roles? Traditional ‘Gendered’ Jobs Are Now Being Flipped. Business News Daily.

Buckman, M. and Kriesi, (2009). Escaping the Gender Trap: Young Women’s Transition into Nontraditional Occupations. Cambridge University Press.

Business Woman Medie, (2018). Time’s Up: Strategies for women getting into non-traditional careers. Business Woman Media.

Callahan, M.N. (2017). The Positive and Negative Valence of Gender in Traditional and Non-Traditional Career Choices. Iowa State University.

Cansler, C. (2017). 17 female execs offer advice about rising to the top of a male-dominated field. Fast Casual.

Careleton University (2012). The Pathway Forward: Creating Gender Inclusive Leadership in Mining and Resources. Centre for Women in Politics and Public Leadership.

Carpenter, J. (2019). Some industries are still overwhelmingly male-dominated. Here’s how women can get in. CNN Business.

Catalyst, (2019). Quick Take: Women in Energy – Gas, Mining and Oil. Catalyst.

Catalyst. (2018). Quick Take: Women in Male-Dominated Industries and Occupations. Catalyst.

Catalyst. (2018). How can STEM companies recruit, promote, and retain women? Catalyst.

Chan, C., Murphy, M. (2006). Women, Engineering and Research: Providing Choice and Balance. Dublin Institute of Technology.

Cornelius, N. & Skinner, D. (2005). An alternative view through the glass ceiling. Using capabilities theory to reflect on the career journey of senior women. Women in Management Review, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 595-609.

Costa, S., Silva, A., & Hui, V. (2006). Opportunities and Challenges for Women in Fly-in-Fly-out camps in Canada? An Exploratory Study.

Cukier, W. (2017). Women in the workplace: we’ve come a long way, (maybe) but still have a long way to go. Women of Influence.

Dale, V.A. (2006). Gender segregation in the Labour Market: What motivates entry into non-traditional occupations? Learning & Skills Council Somerset.

Davis, B., TNT Club Aids Students on Non-Traditional Career Paths. The Commuter.

DeltaWomen, (2012). How To Succeed In Male Dominated Industries.

Ditmar Coffield, C. (2011). Non-traditional educational trajectories: the educational aspirations and expectations of women who are educationally disadvantaged. Sociology Dissertations. Paper 14.

Dixon, L. (2017). How to Improve Equality, Access Among Gender-Dominated Jobs. Talent Economy.

Dolan, J. (2007). Women interested in non-traditional careers find a Wisconsin job market ready for them. LaCrosse Tribune.

Domenico, D., Jones, K.H. (2006). Career Aspirations of Women in the 20^th Century. Journal of Career and Technical Education. 22(2).

Dugarm, K. (2009). Taking a Non-traditional Path. Information Outlook, Volume 13, Issue 6, p.17.

Eames Roebling, E. (2011). Women Challenge Monopoly on “Men’s Jobs”. Domingo.

Eardley, E., Manwell, J. (2006). “Legal remedies for girls’ under-representation in non-traditional career and technical education.” International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 27 Iss: 4, pp. 396-416.

Elayadathusseril, G. (2012). Achieving success in non traditional careers.  canadianimmigrant.ca

Elley-Brown, M. & R. Fairer sex welcome in hard hat field. Week-end Herald, (April 28, 2012).

English, K. (2011). Climbing the Ivory Tower: The Adventures of Two Women of Non-traditional Age. Universe Publishing.

Ernst, G. (2013). Why some women may choose not to enter STEM careers. ACS Publications.

Etz, K. (2017). Real Women Tell Us About Their Experience Working in a Male-Dominated Field. The Everygirl.

Feliciano, C., and Rumbaut, R.G., (2005). Gendered paths: Educational and Occupational expectations and outcomes among children of immigrants. Ethic and Racial Studies. Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 1087-1118.

Field, K. (2018). Why Are women Still Choosing the Lowest-Paying Jobs. The Atlantic.

Fletcher, S. Women’s Work: Removing the Pink Collar. (2012).

Florentine, S. (2016). 4 women describe their nontraditional journeys to tech. CIO.

Folsom, B. (2012). Women graduates in non-traditional careers exceed expectations. KCKCC Technical Education Centre.

Fouad, N. A., 2007. Work and Vocational Psychology: Theory, Research, and Applications. Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 58: 543 – 564.

Frank, E.J. (2011). Non-traditional jobs aren’t necessarily careers to shy away from. Examiner.com

Frize, M. (2009). The Bold and the Brave: A History of Women in Science & Engineering. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.

Fuller, G. (2017). Challenging male-dominated culture at work. Raconteur.

Funk, C. (2018). Women and Men in STEM Often at Odds Over Workplace Equity. Pew Research Center.

Gismondi, A. (2019). Women share experiences in male-dominated industry at CAWIC talk. Daily Commercial News.

Graham, J.W., & Smith, S.A. (2005). Gender differences in employment and earnings in science and engineering in the U.S., Economics of Education Review, 24, 341-354.

Grant, D.M., Knight, L.V., Steinbach, T.A., (2007). Young Women’s Misinformation Concerning IT Careers: Exchanging One Negative Image for Another. Informing Science Journal. Volume 10.

Hansen, R. (2019). The Pros and Cons of Non-Traditional Careers: Working in Jobs that Defy Gender Stereotypes. LiveCareer

Ho, J. (2018). Women Are Moving Into Historically Male Jobs, and These 5 Roles Have Seen the Biggest Increases in Women Representation. Inc.

Hudson, L. (2013). Breaking Barriers: More women pursuing careers in nontraditional jobs. New Castle News.

Hudson, L. (2012). Women in non-traditional careers share stories. New Castle News.

Hulme, K., (Spring 2006). Making the Shift from Pink Collars to Blue Ones: Women’s Non-traditional Occupations, Labour/Le Travail, 57, 143 – 65.

Ismail, M., Zulkifi, N., Raba’ah Hamzah, S. (2017). Insights on Engineering as a Non-Traditional Career Field for Women. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4.

Jacobs-Meadway, R. (2012). Why Women Need to Look to Nontraditional Mentors. The Legal Intelligencer.

Jin, S. (2007). Experiences of Women in Non-Traditional Occupations in a University Setting. Pro Quest.

Kapoor, U., Pfost, K. S., House, A. E., Pierson, E., (2010). Relation of Success and Non-traditional Career Choice to Selection for Dating and Friendship. Psychological Reports: Volume 107, Issue, pp. 177 – 184.

Keyes, B. (2016). Students Seeking Non-Traditional Career Path Find Motivation through Academic Coaching, Support, Services, Mentoring and Scholarships. Great Bay Community College.

Kolhatkar, S. (2017). The Tech Industry’s Gender-Discrimination Problem. The New Yorker.

Kolko, J., and Cain Miller, C. (2018). As Labor Market Tightens, Women Are Moving Into Male-Dominated Jobs. The New York Times.

Korinek, J. (2005) Trade and Gender: Issues and Interactions. OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 24.

Kosinski, (2010). Hard-hatted women. Tribune Chronical.

Koval, S. (2012). Non-Traditional Occupations for Women – Cracking the Glass Ceiling at Corporations. Koval Associates.

Koval, S. (2012). Nontraditional Careers for Women – Female Jockeys Gaining Ground. Ezine Articles.

Landrum, S. (2018). Shattering the Glass in Male-Dominated Industries: 7 Lessons from Women Who Have. Women 2.0.

LaTour, J. (2008). Sisters in the Brotherhoods: Working Women Organizing for Equality in New York City. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (Studies in Oral History series), 276 pp.

LaTour, J. (2005). Women in Building Construction/Women in Firefighting/Women in Highway Construction/Women in Machining/Women in Non-Traditional Careers:  An Introduction/Women in Policing/Women in Welding/Work Talk: Women in Non-Traditional Careers in Their Own Words. Labour Studies Journal. Volume 30, Issue 3, p. 90.

Lavi, I. (2018). Breaking The Gender Barrier in a Male-Dominated Industry.IBT.

Levenson, E. (2006). Promoting the benefits for women of working in traditionally male jobs. The Independent.

Lockwood, P. (2006). “Someone Like Me can be Successful”: Do College Students Need Same-Gender Role Models?” Psychology of Women Quarterly vol. 30, no. 1, 36-46.

Lowen, L. (2016). High Paying Jobs for Women are often Non-Traditional Jobs. About.com

Lunt Childress, S. (2007). Women risking their lives at non-traditional jobs. The Cabinet Articles.

Mavriplis, C, Heller, R.S., Sorensen, C.C., Snyder, H.D.  A Walk on the Moon: Interdisciplinary, Inquiry-Based Learning Theory into Practice. American Society for Engineering Education.

McBride, S. (2018). Glimmers of Hope for Women in the Male-Dominated Tech Industry. Bloomberg.

McCarthy, R.R., and Berger, J. Moving Beyond Cultural Barriers: Successful Strategies of Female Technology Education Teachers. Journal of Technology Education, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 2008).

McGrath Cohoon, J. and Aspray, William, (Eds.) (2006). Women and Information Technology: Research on Underrepresentation, Vol. 1. MIT Press.

McInerny, C. (2011). Women in Armed Forces Fill Non-Traditional Roles. The University Daily Kansan.

McMullen, K., Gilmore, J., and Le Petit, C. (2010). Women in Non-Traditional Occupations and Fields of Study. Statistics Canada.

Meszaros, P.S., Burger, C.J., Creamer, E.G. (2005). Factors Influencing Successful IT Women’s Career Choices: A Qualitative Study. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal. Volume 19.

Milano, A., Hill, A., Malhan, I., Macintyre, P. (2018). Women in the Workplace: The Hidden Battle. Journey to Diversity Workplaces.

Miliszewska, I and Moore, A. (2010). Encouraging Girls to Consider a Career in ICT: A Review of Strategies. Journal of Information Technology Education: innovations in Practice. Volu me 9.

Military.com (2019). Women in Nontraditional Careers. Military.com

Monty, L. (2012). Vermont Women on the Rise in Non-traditional Careers. The Burlington Free Press.

Morkes, A.G., & Mckenna, A. (2011). Nontraditional Careers for Women and Men. Amazon.ca.

Nair, R. (2018). Top 12 Pros and Cons of Non-Tradional Careers. WISESTEP

Neal, S. (2016). Nontraditional Careersa-Career and Technical education. CTE.

Nolen, M. (2007). BTC seminar introduces women to non-traditional careers. The Bellington Herald.

O’Donnell, Amy. (2008). Gendered choices: Young women’s perspectives on non-traditional training and careers in Northumberland. Education + Training. Vol. 50 iss:6, pp. 474 – 488.

O’Farrel, B. (2010). Women Want to Work Construction. Let’s Help Them Get Jobs. New Deal 2.0.

O’Keefe, C. and Wilkinson, K. (2006). “I ain’t no tea lady”. The Women into Work: Building Futures Development Partnership.

Pande, R., and Ford, D. (2011). Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review. Background Paper for the World Development Report on Gender.

Parker, K. (2018). Women in majority-male workplaces report higher rates of gender discrimination. FACTTANK.

Parker, P. (2018). The Top 10 Non-Traditional Careers for Life Science Professionals. BioSpace.

Pederson, E.F., Clarke, L., Michielsens, E., Susman, B., wall, C. (eds.) Painters in Denmark: a Women’s Trade?, in Women in Construction: CLR/Reed Business Information, Brussels.

Perrone, K.M. (September 2009). Traditional and Nontraditional Work and Family Roles for Women and Men.  Journal of Career Development. Volume 36 number 1.

Peterson, A.A. (2009). Contractors Guide to Increasing the Number of Tradeswomen on New York City Construction Projects. Nontraditional Employment for Women.

Peister, B. (2011). Non-Traditional Careers for Women: Civil Engineers in High demand for Good Pay. ImaginePittsburgh.

Peister, B. (2011). Non-traditional Careers for Women: Good Pay, Benefits, Future. ImaginePittsburgh.

Potter, M., Hill, M. (2009). Women into non-traditional sectors: addressing gender segregation in the Northern Ireland workplace. Abingdon, England: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.

Pratt, S. (2016). Pipeline or Culture?: What’s the Real Reason there Aren’t More Women in Tech? Socialtalent.

Probert, B. (2005). I Just Couldn’t Fit It In: Gender and Unequal Outcomes in Academic Careers. Gender, Work and Organization. Vol. 12, no. 1, p. 50

Quimby, J. L., DeSantis, A., M. (2006). The influence of role models on women’s career choices. Career Development Quarterly, June.

Raines, L. (2011). More women are working non-traditional jobs. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

Ramserran, S. (2010). Workplaces that WORK – for women in non-traditional careers. The HR Challenge.

Randle, D. (2017). Non-Traditionalk Careers for Science Majors. Canada2067.

Richtermeyer, S.B. (2011). The Non-traditional Route for Women in Accounting: The Importance of Mentoring. The Glasshammer.

Ridout, K. (2009). Non-traditional Careers for Women. Workforce Planning Board of Waterloo Wellington Dufferin.

Riordan, K. (2018). 3 Ways to Attract More Women to Tech Jobs. WeWork.

Robinson, A. (2005). Women Building Futures – review of the literature relating to gender segregation in employment and women in non-traditional occupations. Research Centre for Community Justice, Sheffield Hallam University.

Roche, T.A. (2006). Women in non-traditional careers. Thesis. University of South Florida.

Rodriguez-Zaba, D. (2017). 10 Tips for Women Breaking into a Male-Domnated Industry. Huff Post.

Rohn, C. (2008). Pushing boundaries: Women taking non-traditional career paths. Petroskey News.

Rose, W. (2019). A Quiet, Burning Rage: women in male-dominated industries speak out. Cape Breton Post.

Rosenberg McKay, (2018). Non-Traditional Careers for Women. the balancecareers.

Rosenberg McKay, D. (2015). Non-Traditional Careers for Women. the balancecareers.

Rosenberg McKay, D. (2010). Non-Traditional Employment for Women. About.com Career Planning.

Runnheim, J. (2019). How Women Can Breakj into Nontraditional Careers. Monster.

Runnheim, J. Time for a Change? Why Not Consider a Nontraditional Career? The Five O’Clock News, (September 2007). Vol. 21, No. 9.

Runnheim Olsen, J. (2007). Women – How to Shatter the Glass Ceiling. Ezine Articles.

Sanders, J. (2006). Gender and Technology in education: A research review. Handbook of Gender in Education. Sage Publications, London.

Sappleton, N. (2009). Women non-traditional entrepreneurs and social capital. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. Vol. 1 No. 3

Schaefer, M.A. (2016). Montco photographer focuses on women in non-traditional careers to inspire children. The Inquirer.

Schwab, N., Unguresan, A. (2016). Everything has changed – but gender equality remains as important as ever. World Economic Forum.

Scullen, J. (2008). Women in Male Dominated Trades. It’s still a man’s world. Saskatchewan Apprenticeship and Trades Certification Commission.

Shatkin, L. (2011). Quick Nontraditional Careers Guide. JIST Publishing.

Shaw, L. (2009). Women in Non Traditional Careers. Long Beach College Board of Trustees.

Shewring, F. (2009). The female ‘tradie’:Challenging employment perceptions in non-traditional trades for women. NCVER.

Shrestha, G.K. (2016). Understanding The Challenges Of Women In Non-Traditional Occupations. Journal of Training and Development, Volume 2.

Shukla, A. (2009). Traditional career vs. Non traditional career for women. paggu.com

Singh, M. (2019). Think Women Aren’t Big Risk Takers? These Chinese Girls Buck the Stereotype. Texas Public Radio.

Smith, A. (2018). Encouraging More Women to Pursue Skilled Trades. Inside Higher Ed.

Spivack, M.S. (2016). Women in Combat. Will they make for a better fighting force. CQ Press.

Starbuck, E. (2018). Breaking the Mold: Nontraditional Jobs for Women. State of Oregon, Employment Department.

Stocking, B. (2016). Male-dominated workplace culture alienates talented women. Financial Times.

Stout, R. (2011). Aboriginal Women’s Employment in Non-Traditional and Resource Extractive Industries in Saskatchewan: An Exploration of the Issues. Centres of Excellence for Women’s Health.

Sullivan, S. E. and Baruch, Y., (2009). Advances in Career Theory and Research: A Critical review and Agenda for Future Exploration. Journal of Management, vol. 35 no. 6 1542 – 1571.

Swartz, M. (2016). Which Jobs Attract the Most Women? Monster

The Canadian Press. (2010). Women gain in some ‘non-tradition’ jobs: StatsCan. BellMedia.

Thomas, A. (2018). How to Create a Culture of Female Empowerment in a Male Dominated Industry. Empowering Ambitious Women.

Thompson, C. (2019). The Secret History of Women in Coding. The New York Times Magazine.

Tockey, D., Ignatova, M. (2019). Gender Insights Report. LinkedIn.

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Turgoose, C., Hall, L., Carter, A, Stride, C. (2006). Encouraging an increase in the employment of women returners in areas of skill shortage in traditionally male industries. The University of Sheffield.

Turner, S. L., Lapan, R.T., (2005), Evaluation of an intervention to increase non-traditional career interests and career related self-efficacy among middle-school adolescents, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 66, Issue 3, Pages 516 – 531.

Vojakovic, D. (2008), Women in Trades. Industry Training Authority.

Wallace, K. and DeVita, B. (2018). Creating Opportunities For  Women To Succeed In Male-Dominated Industries. Forbes.

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Watt, N. (2012). Women Get Skills to Break into Traditional Men’s Trades. ABC News.

Weidner, L. (2010). Non-Traditional Career Lures Unlikely Candidate. Affinity Online.

Wesley, K. (2012). Women in Nontraditional Occupations: A Case Study of Worker Motivation. Thesis. University of Nebrasca – Lincoln.

Wilford, D. (2018). 8 Jobs in Canada That Women Are Dominating (and 3 on the rise). Slice.

Wilson, F., Kickul, J., Marlino, D., (2007). Gender, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurial Education. Wiley, Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 387 – 406.

Women in Adult and Vocational Education (WAVE). (2011). “I can’t think of any occupation women can’t do!” economic Security4Women.

Women in Mining. (2010). Ramp-up: A study on the status of women in Canada’s mining and exploration sector.

Women’s Network PEI (2016). Women learning about non-traditional careers. Prince Edward Island.

Woods, D. (2012). Women recruited for non-traditional jobs. Williston Herald.

Wright, T. (2005). A comparison of the experiences of lesbians and heterosexual women in a non-traditionally female occupation, the fire service. Thesis. London Metropolitan University.

Young Kreeger, K. (2013). Guide to Non-Traditional Careers in Science: A Resource Guide for Pursuing a Non-traditional Path. Routledge.

Zeldin, A. L., Britner, S. L., Pajares, F., (2007), A comparative study of the self-efficacy beliefs of successful men and women in mathematics, science, and technology careers. Wiley Periodicals.

 

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